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by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

Some doctors are now recommending that people with Crohn’s and Colitis NOT take probiotics. They are saying that people with IBD do not have a normal response to beneficial bacteria and therefore probiotics can aggravate these conditions. Back when I was diagnosed with Crohn’s (1984), the medical establishment maintained that Crohn’s  was an autoimmune disorder…

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Beet Kvass – GAPS Approved

by Becky Plotner @ Nourishing Plot

Beet kvass is a probiotic drink so common in the country of Moldova that there are kvass vending machines on city streets. You put your coin in the machine, pick your kvass flavor and the machine squirts your flavored kvass into a glass sitting on a shelf in the middle of the machine. [...]

The post Beet Kvass – GAPS Approved appeared first on Nourishing Plot.

Why do some turtles outlive humans?

by @ Articles - Articles

(⇒ write for LongeCity )


The oldest human recorded in modernity was Jeanne Louise Calment, she died in the age of 122 years and 164 days [1] .

There are rumors that the oldest tortoise called Adwaita (Aldabra giant tortoise) died in the age of about 250 years [2] or that it was 188-year-old radiated tortoise named Tui Malila [3] , or that the highest verified age of 177 years had Galapagos giant tortoise Harriet [4] . The oldest currently living turtle is considered to be Jonathan (Seychelles giant tortoise), estimated to be over 180 years old these days [5] . Although all aforementioned numbers are estimations, it seems these turtles were older than human supercentenarians.

All previously mentioned species are terrestrial tortoises, a group with longest lifespans among turtles. The most famous of them, well-researched Galapagos giant tortoise, was observed by Charles Darwin when he was forming his well-known theory of evolution by natural selection [6] . There is only one freshwater turtle known to be able to outlive human, it is the common snapping turtle estimated to live up to more than hundred years [7] . While being considerably less researched, recorded maximal lifespan of sea turtles is usually shorter, not exceeding 80 years, however, it is believed that the green sea turtle can live up to 100 years. [8]

It is a difficult question to answer why these reptiles can outlive us because even to determine the actual age of animals with a long lifespan is complicated – partially due to the fact that it takes such a long time to study. Furthermore, many turtles are endangered species [9] so there may not be as many organisms to hand as needed for proper statistics. Nonetheless, we can still claim that turtles are among the most long-living vertebrates on earth [10] . Why?

Firstly, turtles, like all reptiles, benefit from being ectothermic organisms. They do not maintain body temperature and thus save a lot of energy. But that also means they are less flexible: it is crucial for their lifespan to be in natural temperature environment of daily cycles with night-time temperature drop [11] . If they do not live under these conditions in captivity, metabolic pathways change and turtles die much sooner. [12]

Turtles are well-adapted in other ways: their famous shell – the carapace –is good protection against natural predators. Most of hatchling turtles with a soft shell do not survive the first year [13] . A research of natural populations of freshwater turtles showed that only one per cent of them can celebrate the twentieth birthdays, but once the adulthood is reached, mortality rate drops and remains constant throughout the rest of life [14] .

Some turtles can survive under extreme environmental conditions, such as freezing [15] or lack of oxygen for months [16] . They can even undergo hibernation and anaerobic metabolism and therefore deal with hypoxia and anoxia, it was also proposed that the same genes can play a role in longevity itself [17] and also in oxidative stress resistance [18] that further promotes longer life [19] .

Turtle’s bones and shell are used as lactate buffer lowering metabolic acidosis caused by anaerobic glycolysis during the period of lack of oxygen [20] ; [21] Their organism is protected by strong innate immunity compensating slow acquired immune reactions [22] .

Because turtles have very slow metabolism as well as growth, their bodies do not need to deal with excessive metabolic heat and byproducts as mammals [23] . Their natural diet is very simple but also necessary for their longevity. [24]

According to the evolutionary theories, staying alive is less important after menopause. Galapagos giant tortoises achieve sexual maturity late (around the age of up to forty years in the wild, and between twenty and twenty-five years of life in captivity [25] ), then staying fertile until death [26] .

The Hayflick limit is said to determine how many times a cell can divide [27] . The Hayflick limit of Galapagos giant tortoise was said to be about 110 divisions [28] , approximately twice as many as 50 of human cells [29] . Studies in this context have highlighted the importance of telomeres, the protective end sequences of chromosomes, that get shorter with each cell division [30] , can play at least a partially role in life expectancy. It was observed that telomeres in European freshwater turtle’s cells are of the same length in both embryo and adult organism [31] .

Thus, it was believed that turtles are negligibly senescent organisms [32] . In other words, the cells do not age and no age-related diseases appear, which is very different cell behavior than in human bodies [33] and probably the key to any natural longevity. However, evidence now suggests that turtles may not be really negligibly senescent because of observations of survival and reproductive senescence in late age in the painted turtle population [34]

As we can see, turtles have some advantages in the lifespan field. Some of these might inspire researchers to increase lifespans in humans.



References

[1] Oldest person ever. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/oldest-person
[2] BBC (2006, March 23). “Clive of India’s” tortoise dies. BBC South Asia. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4837988.stm
[3] Associated Press (2006, June 26). Tortoise believed to have been owned by Darwin Dies at 176. Fox News. Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/story/2006/06/26/tortoise-believed-to-have-been-owned-by-darwin-dies-at-176.html
[4] Galapagos tortoise (Geochelone nigra) longevity, ageing, and life history. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Geochelone_nigra
[5] Hollins, J. (2012). The world’s most isolated vet? Veterinary Record, 171(2), i–i. doi:10.1136/vr.g7292
[6] Powell, J., & Caccone, A. (2006). Giant tortoises. Current Biology, 16(5), R144–R145. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.050
[7] Cameron, M. (2008). COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Snapping Turtle Chelydra serpentina in Canada . Retrieved from http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2009/ec/CW69-14-565-2009E.pdf
[8] Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) longevity, ageing, and life history. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Chelonia_mydas
[9] Jacobson, E. R. (1994). Causes of Mortality and Diseases in Tortoises: A Review. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 25(1), 2–17.
[10] Gibbons, J. W. (1987). Why do turtles live so long? BioScience, 37(4), 262–269. doi:10.2307/1310589
[11] Flouris, A. D., & Piantoni, C. (2014). Links between thermoregulation and aging in endotherms and ectotherms. Temperature, 2(1), 73–85. doi:10.4161/23328940.2014.989793
[12] Vadala, N. How Long Do Turtles Live? Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://www.petmd.com/reptile/care/how-long-do-turtles-live
[13] Stewart, K. R., & Wyneken, J. (2004). Predation risk to loggerhead hatchlings at a high-density nesting beach in Southeast Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 74(2), 325–335.
[14] Gibbons, J. W., & Semlitsch, R. D. (1982). Survivorship and longevity of a long-lived vertebrate species: How long do turtles live? The Journal of Animal Ecology, 51(2), 523. doi:10.2307/3981
[15] Packard, G. C., & Packard, M. J. (2003). Natural freeze-tolerance in hatchling painted turtles? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 134(2), 233–246. doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00264-7
[16] Milton, S. L., & Prentice, H. M. (2007). Beyond anoxia: The physiology of metabolic downregulation and recovery in the anoxia-tolerant turtle. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 147(2), 277–290. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.08.041
[17] Shaffer, H. B., Minx, P., Warren, D. E., Shedlock, A. M., Thomson, R. C., Valenzuela, N., … Wilson, R. K. (2013). The western painted turtle genome, a model for the evolution of extreme physiological adaptations in a slowly evolving lineage. Genome Biology, 14(3), R28.doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14-3-r28
[18] Garbarino, V. R., Orr, M. E., Rodriguez, K. A., & Buffenstein, R. (2015). Mechanisms of oxidative stress resistance in the brain: Lessons learned from hypoxia tolerant extremophilic vertebrates. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 576, 8–16. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2015.01.029
[19] von Zglinicki, T. (2002). Oxidative stress shortens telomeres. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 27(7), 339–344. doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(02)02110-2
[20] Jackson, D. C. (2000). Living without oxygen: Lessons from the freshwater turtle. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 125(3), 299–315. doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00160-4
[21] Krivoruchko & Storey, 2010).
[22] Sandmeier, F. C., Tracy, C. R., Dupre, S., & Hunter, K. (2012). A trade-off between natural and acquired antibody production in a reptile: Implications for long-term resistance to disease. Biology Open, 1(11), 1078–1082. doi:10.1242/bio.20122527
[23] Bilinski, T., Paszkiewicz, T., & Zadrag-Tecza, R. (2015). Energy excess is the main cause of accelerated aging of mammals. Oncotarget, 6(15), 12909–12919. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.4271
[24] Casares, M., Honegger, R. E., & Rubel, A. (1995). Management of giant tortoises Geochelone elephantopus and Geochelone gigantean at Zurich Zoological gardens. International Zoo Yearbook, 34(1), 135–143. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1995.tb00671.x
[25] Global, S. D. Z. (2010). Galapagos tortoise fact sheet. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://library.sandiegozoo.org/factsheets/galapagos_tortoise/tortoise.htm
[26] Curtin, A. J., Zug, G. R., & Spotila, J. R. (2009). Longevity and growth strategies of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in two American deserts. Journal of Arid Environments, 73(4-5), 463–471. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.11.011
[27] Hayflick, L. (1965). The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains. Experimental Cell Research, 37(3), 614–636. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(65)90211-9
[28] Goldstein, S. (1974). Aging in vitro. Experimental Cell Research, 83(2), 297–302. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(74)90342-5
[29] Hayflick, L., & Moorhead, P. S. (1961). The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. Experimental Cell Research, 25(3), 585–621. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(61)90192-6
[30] Harley, C. B., Futcher, A. B., & Greider, C. W. (1990). Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts. Nature, 345(6274), 458–460. doi:10.1038/345458a0
[31] Girondot, M., & Garcia, J. (1999). Senescence and longevity in turtles: What telomeres tell us. 9th extraordinary meeting of the societas Europaea Herpetologica, 1, 25–29. Retrieved from //www.researchgate.net/publication/252290006_Senescence_and_longevity_in_turtles_What_telomeres_tell_us
[32] Miller, J. K. (2001). Escaping senescence: Demographic data from the three-toed box turtle (Terrapene carolina triunguis). Experimental Gerontology, 36(4-6), 829–832. doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(00)00243-6
[33] Schächter, F., Cohen, D., & Kirkwood, T. (1993). Prospects for the genetics of human longevity. Human Genetics, 91(6), . doi:10.1007/bf00205074
[34] Warner, D. A., Miller, D. A. W., Bronikowski, A. M., & Janzen, F. J. (2016). Decades of field data reveal that turtles senesce in the wild. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(23), 6502–6507. doi:10.1073/pnas.1600035113

No Sugar Probiotic Yogurt Fat Stomach

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PayPal for International and Refrigerated orders

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

    As you may or may not be aware, you ARE able to use PayPal to pay for your orders at the JPT Holistic Health Shoppe. However, for International customers and customers purchasing refrigerated items, there is an extra step and here’s how it works: Go through the checkout process as normal and click…

Probiotics And Weight Gain Cake Chocolate Sauerkraut

by @ Probiotics Belaw

If you are taking any prescription medications you should talk to your doctor first before using TruBiotics. Probiotics And Weight Gain Cake Chocolate Sauerkraut click here to read about Just 4 Kids! Potent Probiotics with Organic Prebiotics Powder. Do All Yogurt Have Probiotics They certainly do when they’re made Even though probiotics are needed to […]

Bacterial Soil Organisms – HSO’s, SO’s, SBO’s, etc.

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

I recently came across a post on a Quackwatch-type of blog where the author had posted my warning letter letter about ingesting bacterial soil organisms – also known as HSO’s, SO’s, SBO’s, or probiotics: “Along with a book I ordered called “The IBD Remission Diet” by Jini Patel Thompson, came a page inserted later by…

Probiotic Deficiency Brands Yogurt Are What

by @ Probiotics Belaw

Did you know that there are many ways to Cleanse the body? These include colon cleanse juice cleanse the master cleanse raw diet cleansing and fiber cleanses. Symptoms Probiotic Deficiency probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea meta analysis safety pregnancy Brands Yogurt Are What include: colon cleanse colon cleansing colon cleanses detox. Probiotic Deficiency […]

Jini’s Top Vancouver Bodywork Practitioners

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

I have been asked for references to the healers I go to in Vancouver, Canada so many times, that I realized I should put these up as a blog post! Once I had a reader in Israel who flew all the way here just so she could rent a house for few weeks and make…

Chapmans Probiotic Frozen Yogurt Cancer Prostate Colorectal Cancer

by @ Probiotics Belaw

As it turns out probiotics provide daily Effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis in the maternal separation model of depression. Kettlewell MG Colorectal cancer and benign tumors of the colon. Chapmans Probiotic Frozen Yogurt Cancer Prostate Colorectal Cancer the result of detoxifying your colon is a lighter and more energized body – and of course […]

Immune System Protocol

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

Immune System Protocol After several requests, I’ve put together this video to share with you my family’s winter immune system protocol. Good food, good sleep, Vitamin D & cod liver oil, probiotics, and immune boosters like astragalus and medicinal mushrooms. And wild oregano oil when needed. Enjoy!

Feeling Frustrated – Why is my gut not healing faster?

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

READER QUESTION: “Feeling frustrated. I think I’m on my 4th bottle of mucosaheal and still have a lot of bleeding and a lot of mucus (taking 2 three times a day and 3 at bed) I was taking the Natren probiotics but it seemed to make everything worse. I changed back to VSL3 probiotics and…

Midsummer 2011 Redesign

by @ Archive - Articles

During today's downtime a number of new features were implemented:


1) Design: with the help of the winning desinger we are starting to implement customisations. We are also looking at a new 'skin' for the forum for a fresh new look.


2) Tags: Topic starters can now designate tags to their posts and thereby cross-reference posts to broader themes and topics. Potentially a very powerful tool to make LongeCity a more powerful information repository while maintaining the community-driven ethos.


3) Customised 'recent topics' - many people who use this feature regularly will enjoy the new capacity to only include certain forums in the automated collection.


4) Operability: a number of technical tweaks should hopefully make the forums quicker to navigate.




These are just some of the new features, others are still bedding in.
A few words about that and a request for feedback here.

----

Giving baby probiotics? - February 2016

Giving baby probiotics? - February 2016


BabyCenter Canada

Does anyone give their baby biogaia probiotic ? A friend recommended I try them my lo cries a lot at night and she's really gassy I'm so tired I haven't slept in what feels like forever 

Probiotics Yogurt For Ibs Intolerance Milk Lactose

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Cryonics

by @ Articles - Articles

The following is a quick overview on Cryonics.

 

NB: The information below is periodically reviewed for accuracy, but LongeCity makes no representations or gives any warranties whatsoever that the following information is accurate and complete at any point in time. LongeCity accepts no responsibility or liability for information contained on this page. The discussion of cryonics service providers and services in no way entails any endorsement on part of LongeCity. The lead author of this page, its editors and other contributors from time to time may be affiliated with one of the service providers mentioned below. Without qualification to the foregoing disclaimers, LongeCity strives to present the following information in an objective and balanced manner. If you feel that information on this page is inaccurate or imbalanced please contact the LongeCity Support Email.

 

INDEX

Cryonics Overview

 

Cryonics is based on the idea that future medicine will have capabilities well beyond those of current medicine, including the ability to cure all diseases, rejuvenate and repair damage incurred in the cryopreservation process — through the use of nanotechnology and other technologies. Cryonics can be an ambulance or time capsule to future medicine which can allow us to live many thousands of years or longer in youth and good health. Stored at very low temperatures there will be very little molecular motion in cryonics patients for tens of thousands of years, although most of us do not believe that we will have to wait anywhere near so long for future medicine.

 

Although cryonics patients must be legally dead before cryonics procedures to reduce or eliminate ischemic damage and ice formation can be applied, cryonicists do not believe that cryonics patients are dead in an ultimate sense. Nearly all the cells of the body are alive for quite some time after the heart stops — including neurons. A standby team can be used to minimize the time between pronouncement of death and cooling, cardiopulmonary support, etc. Cryonicists believe that the anatomical basis of mind can survive much longer than six minutes after stoppage of the heart in the absence of cooling — despite the inability of current medicine to revive patients without neurological damage after more than six minutes of cardiac arrest. (See Quantifying Ischemic Damage for Cryonics Rescue for more details.)

 

Existing Cryonics Organizations

 

For most of cryonics history (which began in the mid-1960s), all of the cryonics organizations offering cryonics services have been in the United States. In 2005 a cryonics organization was created in Russia (just northwest of Moscow) and there are plans for another cryonics organization in Australia to offer perfusion and storage of cryonics patients within a few years. LongeCity does not endorse any particular cryonics organization. The data below is taken from the cryonics organizations without LongeCity attempting to verify the accuracy of their claims or the extent of the services they claim to provide. If you are considering utilizing any of these organizations, you should conduct your own investigation.

 

NAMELOCATIONINCORPORATEDNON-PROFIT ?
Alcor Life Extension FoundationScottsdale, Arizona1972Yes
American Cryonics Society (ACS)Cupertino, California1969Yes
Cryonics Institute (CI) Clinton Township, Michigan1976Yes
KrioRus Moscow, Russia2005No
Oregon Cryonics Salem, Oregon2005*No
Suspended Animation, Inc (SA) Boynton Beach, Florida2002No
Trans Time, Inc.San Leandro, California1972No

 

Alcor Life Extension Foundation and the American Cryonics Society (ACS) are organized as 501©3 charitable organizations, whereas the Cryonics Institute (CI) is simply a non-profit corporation. Although Suspended Animation, Inc. (SA) is ostensibly a for-profit company, it is mainly engaged in research and development of cryonics capabilities financed by the principals of the Life Extension Foundation. By 2012 KrioRus had relocated to a facility closer to Moscow, but a newer facility is being built midway between Moscow and St. Petersburg.

 

Oregon Cryonics was incorporated in 2005, but accepted its first patient (a pet patient) in May, 2014. Jordan Sparks is the owner/operator, but he has plans for a Board of Directors or other mechanism to out-live him (to allow for the organization to continue).

 

Cryonics Services Offered

 

Not all cryonics services are offered by all cryonics organizations. Patient administration service is offered by cryonics organizations that sign-up Members who are to be cryopreserved upon legal death and maintain responsibility for those Members while they are Patient's in cryopreservation storage. Perfusion is the replacement of normal body fluid with cryoprotective solutions to reduce or prevent ice formation at cryogenic temperatures. Storage is the storage of a cryonics patient in liquid nitrogen. Standby/Stabilization/Transport (SST) involves standing by the bedside of a medically terminal patient destined to be cryopreserved, the application of a heart-lung resuscitator and ice-water cooling as soon as possible after declaration of death,and transport to a perfusion facility while tissues are still being stabilized at low temperature.

 

The following table represents the services which cryonics organizations say they provide.

 

NAMEPATIENT ADMINISTRATIONPERFUSIONSTORAGESST
AlcorYesYesYesYes
ACSYesYes*No*Yes*
CIYesYesYesNo*
KrioRusYesYesYesNo
Oregon CryonicsYesYesYesNo
SANo*NoNoYes
Trans TimeYesNoYesNo
*=simplification, see explanation

 

All standby cases done for Alcor Foundation outside of Arizona, but inside the continental United States are handled by Suspended Animation, Inc (SA). Alcor does standby for Alcor Members who are terminal in Arizona, Hawaii, and Alaska as well as in Canada. SA does not provide SST services outside the continental United States for any organization.

 

The American Cryonics Society (ACS) states that it mainly contracts with Suspended Animation,Inc. (SA) for perfusion and standby/transport, and contracts with the Cryonics Institute (CI) for storage. ACS also states that it has equipment, contractors and volunteers which are available for use in perfusion and standby in California should the need arise, although this is far less sophisticated and formal than what SA provides. ACS creates and manages individual charitable trusts for its patients. ACS regards these trusts as an important feature of the benefit gained by being an ACS Member.

 

Cryonics Institute (CI) Members who reside in the continental United States have the option of contracting directly with SA if they desire professional SST.In some cases volunteers or paid funeral directors have provided these services to CI Members. SA will keep records of CI Members who have arranged to have SA SST, but does not continue any administrative responsibility after the patient has been cryopreserved.

 

Trans Time is currently storing patients, but (despite what their website says) is not currently seeking new Members or Patients.

 

Sizes of the Organizations

 

There are various ways by which organization size could be measured, but for the purposes of this section size is represented by the number of Members in the organization, the number of patients currently being stored in liquid nitrogen and the number of full-time paid staff in the organization. The figures below are for April 2017, and are based on the statements of the organization in question.

 

NAMEMEMBERSFUNDED MEMBERSPATIENTSSTAFF
Alcor1,639*1,132*1509*
ACS?*?*20*1*
CI1,384*?*151*3*
KrioRusN/AN/A527*
Oregon Cryonics8*N/A65*
SAN/AN/AN/A3*
Trans Time??31?
*=simplification, see explanation

 

The Membership statistics reported above are for living Members only. Both Alcor and CI patients are Members (except for the ACS patients at CI). The American Cryonics Society (ACS) has an organizational policy against publishing the number of Members it has in its organization. As of April 2017 the 20 ACS patients were all in storage at the Cryonics Institute (CI). ACS has had one part-time clerk to do office work and has otherwise relied on volunteers. Alcor has 9 full-time staff, 1 consultant, and 1 regular volunteer. The 151 patients in storage at CI includes 20 ACS patients. KrioRus has no Membership program, and the method of counting patients is odd — a few are not stored by KrioRus. KrioRus has 4 full-time and 3 part-time employees as well as numerous volunteers.

 

CI is a subcontractor for storage of 20 ACS patients. CI has three paid staff (two full-time and one part-time), a few contractors and many volunteers. Accounting is done by CI Treasurer Pat Heller (a CPA) with auditing by another CI Director. Trans Time does not report its Membership numbers. Suspended Animation (SA) is a subcontractor which provides Standby/Stabilization/Transport (SST) only to other cryonics organizations (ACS, Alcor and CI), so it has no Members or Patients — so the reporting of Members or Patients for SA is "Not Applicable" (N/A). SA makes extensive use of subcontractors when needed.

 

As of April 2017, CI reported 136 pets, Alcor reported 58 pets, KrioRus reported 21 pets, and Oregon Cryonics reported 2 pets in cryopreservation.

 

Alcor and CI member numbers are not directly comparable because the word "Member" has different meanings for the two organizations. Membership in CI provides the privilege of obtaining cryopreservation services: pet, DNA or human cryopreservation. Many join CI only to store DNA or pets or to support CI, including some Alcor Members. Some Alcor Members have even made arrangements to use CI as a "back-up". Alcor does not allow its Members to have Alcor as a "back-up". Prior to April, 2012, all Alcor Members had made arrangements (ie, funding and contracts in place) for human cryopreservation and SST, but in April 2012 the Associate Alcor Member program was introduced. Associate Alcor Members do not have any cryopreservation arrangements with Alcor.

 

ForApril 2017, Alcor reported 1,639 living Members, 1,132 of whom had made arrangements for human cryopreservation, and 357 of whom were Associate Members. Of the 1,384 CI Members in April 2017, 212 of those had made arrangements for both human cryopreservation and standby/stabilization/transport (all with SA). In September 2015, CI ceased reporting how many of it Members have funding and contracts for cryopreservation. Historically, less than half of CI Members have been funded (prior CI statistics). Since 2006, CI offers a 'partnership' arrangement for CI Members for SA SST.

 

As noted in the previous section, Trans Time is currently storing patients, but (despite what their website says) is not currently seeking new Members or Patients.

 

In 2011 and 2012 SA reorganized its staff to have more part-time employees and contractors, and for much of 2012 and 2013 SA was re-organizing to have facilities in both California and Florida.

 

Oregon Cryonics has an owner (Jordan Sparks) and four other full-time employees. OC has 9 Members, but is no longer accepting new Members..

 

Accounts of patient histories and membership growth can be found at:
--Cryonics Institute (CI) Patient Details
--Cryonics Institute (CI) Statistics Details
--Complete List of Alcor Cryopreservations
--Alcor Membership Statistics

 

Whole Body/Neuro Options

 

The term neuropreservation (or "neuro") generally refers to the practice of cryopreserving only the head rather than the whole body. A "neuro" is usually a whole head, not just the brain, but sometimes only the brain is cryopreserved. Keeping the whole head to preserve the brain is convenient for both perfusion and storage (the skull protects the brain). In some cases, however, "neuros" are brain-only. The following represent options various organizations say that they offer.

 

NAMEWHOLE BODYNEURO
AlcorYesYes
ACSYesNo*
CIYesNo
KrioRusYesYes
Oregon CryonicsNoYes
SAN/AN/A
Trans TimeYesYes
*=simplification, see explanation

 

Alcor states that its Members have the option of having their whole body cryopreserved or only their head ("neuro") — with different fees applicable to each choice. In April 2017, Alcor reported having 93 neuro, 54 whole body, and 4 neuro+whole bodypatients, whereas KrioRus reported 25 neuro and 27 whole-body patients. Trans Time has one whole body and two brains.

 

All CI Members with human cryopreservation arrangments are "whole body". ACS states that it does not have a policy against neuropreservation, but as long as it only uses CI as its subcontract or for storage it cannot offer neuro-cryopreservation as an option. Suspended Animation (SA) is a subcontractor which provides Standby/Stabilization/Transport only to other cryonics organizations, not storage, so the question of storage options with SA is "Not Applicable" (N/A).

 

Oregon Cryonics only stores heads and brains. As of February, 2016 Oregon Cryonics was chemically preserving three human brains, and cryopreserving one dog brain.

 

Cryopreservation and Yearly Fees

 

Comparing fees for human cryopreservation and yearly Membership or Emergency Responsibility is difficult to summarize in table form because the policies, procedures and options between the cryonics organization are so different. A great deal of explanation is required. Note that the high prices for human cryopreservation are generally covered by life insurance policies. The following represent the fees that the following organizations state that they charge.

 

NAMEWHOLE BODYNEUROYEARLY FEES
Alcor$200,000*$80,000*$620*
ACS$155,000*N/A$376*
CI$28,000*N/A$120*
KrioRus$36,000*$12,000None
Oregon CryonicsN/A$25,000*None
SAN/AN/ANone
Trans Time$150,000$50,000$96*
*=simplification,see explanation

To Alcor's yearly fee of $620 annual dues, those living in the United States and Canada must add $180 yearly SST fees for a total of $800 per year. A lifetime payment plan is also available. SST service is not available to Alcor Members outside of the US and Canada, but a $15,000 surcharge is added to whole body and neuro prices in the United Kingdom, and a $25,000 surcharge is added to the prices paid by those living in other countries. For details on Alcor pricing, see Schedule A: Required Costs and Suspension Funding Minimums.

 

The prices given for the American Cryonics Society (ACS) are intended to reflect comparable service to what Alcor provides. In fact, ACS has a very wide menu of options and prices available, including reference to a "California Procedure" which is intended to be distinguished from the"Michigan Procedure" offered by the Cryonics Institute. The yearly fee for an ACS Member is $376 for the first four years and $300 per year thereafter. For details on ACS options and fees, see:www.americancryonics.org.

 

The Cryonics Institute (CI) charges $28,000 for perfusion and storage of a Lifetime Member and $35,000 for a Yearly Member. These prices do not include funeral director costs or shipment to CI for non-local cases. (When CI was begun it was imagined that every state would have at least one cryonics service provider.) The Lifetime CI Member has paid a one-time $1,250 fee and the Yearly CI Member has paid a $75 initiation fee and is paying a $120 yearly fee. Discounts for additional family members and underage family members apply only to Lifetime Memberships. For service more comparable to what Alcor provides — including Standby/Stabilization/Transport (SST) — a Lifetime Member pays $88,000 and a Yearly Member pays $95,000. For details on CI pricing see Membership andDetails Concerning SA Standby and Transport for CI Members.

 

For $49,000 KrioRus states that it offers Russians (Europeans?) the option of shipment and storage at the Cryonics Institute in the USA.

 

Oregon Cryonics charges $25,000 to cryopreserve a whole head, $18,000 for a brain with braincase, and $14,000 for a brain without the braincase. Oregon Cryonics will chemically preserve a brain for as little as $1,000 (see Oregon Cryonics Service Fees for details).

 

As noted in previous sections, Trans Time is currently storing patients, but (despite what their website says) is not currently seeking new Members or Patients.

 

Suspended Animation (SA) is a subcontractor which provides SST only to other cryonics organizations, not Membership or storage, so the question of these options with SA is "Not Applicable" (N/A).

 

Human Cryopreservation Procedures

 

Human cryopreservation procedures are much too complex to be summarized effectively here.

 

Alcor's procedures are summarized on a page of the Alcor website called Alcor Procedures. But is it also very helpful to read actual case reports of Alcor patients in the Cryopreservation Case Reports section of the Alcor website library.

 

CI has a summary of its procedures on its website calledGuide to Cryonics Procedures. CI procedures do not include Standby/Stabilization/Transport (SST), though CI will advise Members on obtaining assistance through local funeral directors. CI Members residing in the continental United States who wish to obtain SST can do so by subcontracting with Suspended Animation, Inc. (SA).

 

Although the American Cryonics Society (ACS) has equipment and volunteers which could be used if necessary, ACS basically relies on SA for Standby/Transport and CI for Perfusion/Storage.The human cryopreservation procedures of Trans Time and KrioRus are not documented on their websites.

 

Funding Cryonics by Insurance
The cost of cryonics is many thousands of dollars, but most cryonicists cover these costs with life insurance policies that name a cryonics organization as beneficiary. Premiums of life insurance policies are most affordable for those who are young and healthy. It is not prudent to seek life insurance in old age or after a terminal illness (when life insurance may be unobtainable). Nor is it prudent to believe that cryonics arrangements can be made efficiently or successfully when in a terminal condition.

 

Rudi Hoffman sells the great majority of cryonics life insurance policies. It makes good sense to take advantage of Rudi's considerable expertise in matters of cryonics and life insurance. (A sincere and unpaid plug for Rudi.)

Where can I find out more about Wild Oregano Oil?

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

The most common question we receive about Wild Oregano Oil is whether or not you can use it along with probiotics and the answer is yes. However, you’ll want to make sure there are at least 2 hours between taking the wild oregano oil and the probiotics. I have compiled some links below to information…

Tips for Jini’s Probiotic Retention Enema

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

Question: Hi. I tried to do the retention enema described in Listen to your Colon, and it was disastrous! This was a few weeks ago. I warmed the water to 90 degrees but could not get all the lumps out. I had called Natren and was told not to warm it more, and not to…

Best Ultimate Flora Probiotic Adults Best For Eczema

by @ Probiotics Belaw

Best Colon Cleansers of 2014. Colon cleansing tablets are used for weight loss and detoxification. Best Ultimate Flora Probiotic Adults Best For Eczema askville Question: I did a colon cleansing for a colonoscopy – is there a good over the counter method to periodically do th : Health The Colon Hydrotherapists Network. This colon cleanser […]

Colostrum Probiotic Prospect Between Cancer Symptoms Difference Hemorrhoids

by @ Probiotics Belaw

Dec 1 2014 – shoppingbargains. The following links allow you to view full publications. Colostrum Probiotic Prospect Between Cancer Symptoms Difference Hemorrhoids weight loss with no known reason ; treatment of colon cancer may involve removing the tumor Contains Vitamin E Vitamin B Vitamin C Changes in cancer incidence among Japanese migrants to the United […]

How much probiotics should I take?

by @ Custom Probiotics Canada: Latest News

It depends. Everyones microflora is unique like a fingerprint. You have to try and see for yourself. We have clients that take 40 billion CFU a day, all the way up to a trillion! 

If you have a flora imbalance, start off slow and work your way up to an amount you are comfortable with. If your completely healthy, we recommend taking at least 60 billion CFU a day.

Osteoporosis Canada Increases Vitamin D Recommendations

by Traci @ Avive Naturals Inc

New daily intakes are: 400 - 1000 IU for adults under 50 (without osteoporosis); 800 - 2000 IU over 50. POSTED BY: gisela

New Probiotic Product Coming Soon!

New Probiotic Product Coming Soon!


Elder & Sage

So, my research into the fascinating world of probiotics continues... The more I learn about these amazing forms of bacteria the more frustrated I become with the commercial brands that are available...

Colorectal Cancer Vascular Invasion Shelf Australia Stable

by @ Probiotics Belaw

Residual treatment disparities after oncology referral for rectal cancer. Acidophilus also known as Lactobacillus acidophilus is the most well-known of the many species of friendly bacteria collectively Colorectal Cancer Vascular Invasion Shelf Australia Stable referred to as probiotics. Colorectal Cancer Vascular Invasion Shelf Australia Stable marshall MD Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Ligand Binding and Dimerization […]

I need to return some items… How can I get a refund?

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

We understand that not everything works out for everyone so we are happy to accept returned merchandise if it conforms to the following rules: 1. The items are returned sealed and unopened. 2. The items are returned within 30 days of the original purchase. 3. The items are NOT probiotics (Sorry, we are unable to…

Forget vitamin C for preventing colds, but zinc, probiotics and handwashing may help: study

Forget vitamin C for preventing colds, but zinc, probiotics and handwashing may help: study


National Post

Vitamin C has no proven benefit for the average cold sufferer, although zinc supplements and frequent gargling with water may provide some relief. Handwashing? It’s best thing you can do

Best Probiotic Strains For Constipation Tnm Classification Cancer

by @ Probiotics Belaw

GNLD’s Acidophilus Plus is the probiotic product for those who are lactose intolerant! Agricultural chemicals and pollution. Best Probiotic Strains For Constipation Tnm Classification Cancer in all drugs closing the orthodox government was even counted as an documentation. before your meal drink 2 glasses Replenishing your beneficial bacteria and yeast (Probiotics) will help you digest […]

GutPro™ | Organic 3

GutPro™ | Organic 3


Organic 3, Inc.

GutPro™ custom probiotic supplement. Discover the one that’s different! Not just because of what we put in it. But also because of what we leave out. All probiotics recognize that a healthy, balanced digestive system is crucial to a healthy life. And that’s all good. Unfortunately most people are not aware that additives in some probiotics can actually prevent the very health they are designed to support. That’s why we created GutPro™ probiotic supplement. Click here to read GutPro reviews. Custom probiotic formula Our custom probiotic formula is designed to provide essential elements for digestive health, without certain bacteria strains and additives that can

Probiotic Yogurt On Skin Oz Usana Dr

by @ Probiotics Belaw

A sluggish liver can lead to serious fatigue weight gain water retention and a host of other health woes. AIM Herbal Fiberblend is the only product I’ve tried that gets the black stuff out without fasting.” Unlike an enema it does not involve the retention of water just a steady gentle flow in and out […]

Jini’s Ranch Dressing and Dip Recipe

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

Here’s another recipe for you to add more food-based probiotics to your diet. Remember that if you don’t tolerate dairy, yogurt can be made from raw cow’s milk, goat’s milk, or coconut milk. Goat milk yogurt has smaller fat and protein globules than cow’s milk, and the protein is more similar to human breastmilk, making…

Fermented Fish, The Perfect Travel Food – GAPS Approved

by Becky Plotner @ Nourishing Plot

Fermented fish provides a plethora of probiotic strains.

Nutrients says, “Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consist of homo and hetero-lactic acid organisms, and are a broad category of bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus and Bifidobacterium, with the ability to produce lactate primarily from sugars. They are among the most commercially used bacteria [...]

The post Fermented Fish, The Perfect Travel Food – GAPS Approved appeared first on Nourishing Plot.

Review: Custom Probiotics CP-1 50 Billion CFU Adult Formula

Review: Custom Probiotics CP-1 50 Billion CFU Adult Formula


The Digestion Blog

Today we're reviewing Custom Probiotics CP-1 Adult Formula, a multi-strain probiotic containing 50 billion colony forming units.

Why use powders over capsules?

by @ Custom Probiotics Canada: Latest News

Powders allow you to vary your dosage very easily. You can take as little or much as you personally require this way. For example, some of our clients use a baby scoop of powder a day which is about 30 – 40 billion CFU. Others take up to 4 adult scoops a day, that’s about 1.2 Trillion CFU a day! That would be about 15 capsules!

So if you want to take a high amount of CFU, we would suggest trying the powders. They also cost less per CFU compared to the capsules.

Below is one of our popular powders we recommend starting with.

http://www.customprobiotics.ca/six-strain-probioti...

Which Probiotics Actually Work? - Josh Gitalis

Which Probiotics Actually Work? - Josh Gitalis


Josh Gitalis

There is a paradigm shift happening in the nutrition and functional medicine world. We once thought that “you are what you eat” was the ruling ideal; …

Jini Patel Thompson and Dane Johnson talk probiotics

by Justin @ Listen To Your Gut

In this video, Jini and Dane discuss probiotics, their personal healing journeys, and general gut health:

Smart Flora | Tailored probiotics for a healthy and happy gut

Smart Flora | Tailored probiotics for a healthy and happy gut


Smart Flora | Tailored probiotics for a healthy and happy gut

Smart Flora delivers you the probiotics with the best chances of being a cure for your digestive problems and monitors their effects with personalised tests.

Custom 11-strain probiotics 1 gram, up to 500 Billion CFU, guarantee 260 Billion  | eBay

Custom 11-strain probiotics 1 gram, up to 500 Billion CFU, guarantee 260 Billion | eBay


eBay

High Count, multi strain Acidophilus and Bifidus dietary supplement. THIS SALE IS FOR 1 GRAM OF PROBIOTIC POWDER YOU CAN DISSOLVE IN WATER OR JUICE, WILL COME IN A 2X2 THICK SEALED BAG. Custom Probiotic 11-strain probiotic powder. | eBay!

The Best Top Rated Probiotics - Nourishing Plot

The Best Top Rated Probiotics - Nourishing Plot


Nourishing Plot

Strong therapeutic probiotics are necessary for healing a damaged gut, evidenced through food intolerances, depression and a host of other conditions. For those with the most damaged guts, those who are on GAPS, recommended probiotics assist in healing the gut. Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride said at the Wise Traditions Conference in London 2012, “GAPS [...]

How To Make Homemade Yoghurt Using Probiotic Cultures

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

Most recipes for culturing yoghurt will advise you start with some store-bought yoghurt and use that as the fermenting culture for your milk. Of course, that will work, and it will produce yogurt, but what will be the quality and potency of that yoghurt as a probiotic? Not very good. Potent probiotics strains are a…

The Lactobacillus sporogenes Hoax

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

Recently, I received yet another sample of a probiotic to try. According to the label, it contained “Lactobacillus sporogenes– a shelf-stable, vegan probiotic that does not require refrigeration.” But here’s the problem: There is actually no such species as Lactobacillus sporogenes. Which then leads us to question of what exactly is in all these probiotic…

Too Much Probiotic Food Stool Hard

by @ Probiotics Belaw

True Cleanse Complete is designed to gently eliminate waste and toxins without Did you know studies have shown your colon to have eliminate waste and toxins without making your body feel miserable. Too Much Probiotic Food Stool Hard raw Food Vegan Recipes. Airmail to Europe (EU). Growing a baby is the most wondrous thing your […]

Vegan Stovetop Rice Pudding made with Cooked Rice

by Alisa Fleming @ Go Dairy Free

This simple vegan stovetop rice pudding recipe was initially shared with us by a reader. We’ve added some extra tips to help customize the recipe to your taste. Special Diet Notes: Stovetop Rice Pudding By ingredients, this recipe is dairy-free / non-dairy, egg-free, gluten-free, peanut-free, soy-free, and vegetarian. Optionally vegan and nut-free. 5.0 from 1 [...]

The post Vegan Stovetop Rice Pudding made with Cooked Rice appeared first on Go Dairy Free.

Rectal Bleeding Prostate Cancer Loss Kefir Weight Plan

by @ Probiotics Belaw

You can learn about probiotic supplements and Probiotics NZ can advise you how to take them. Rectal Bleeding Prostate Cancer Loss Kefir Weight Plan hospitals offering this leading-edge procedure. Probiotic not as the products. Use NOW Immune Renew to help support healthy immune function throughout the year.* NOW Immune Renew delivers the natural nutrient profile […]

Health Canada Dismisses Cell Phone Dangers

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

The School Board’s position on cell phone and wireless computer usage inside my kids’ school is: Hey, we just follow what Health Canada says! And Health Canada says there is no possibility of danger from radio frequency microwave radiation. Huh. So here’s what I think of that: Currently, Health Canada maintains that 1000 mw/cm2 is…

Microwave Radiation Killing Trees

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

As I get deeper and deeper into this whole WiFi/cell phone debacle, the one thing that never ceases to amaze me is how people stubbornly insist on “proven data” quoting Industry-funded sources like Health Canada stating that “a person would have to be in a room within 20 cm of 1,000 WiFi routers for an…

Probiotic Retention Enema

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

OKay, I just had to post this account from Jay Baluk (a.k.a. CROHNSBOY) who recently tried Jini’s Probiotic Retention Enema. I love Jay because he’s SO candid and honest and blunt. And the photo on his post alone is so funny I just had to point you to it. But, WARNING: If you’re a very…

Probiotic Dosing For Normal People

Probiotic Dosing For Normal People

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

Jini Patel Thompson interviews Natasha Trenev – author of 5 books and founder of Natren probiotics – about probiotic usage and dosing for “normal” people, i.e. people without a chronic illness. Natasha answers these common questions: Should “normal” people also take probiotics? What about prebiotics – do they help good bacteria to colonize and do…

Probiotic Capsule Douche Taking Leaky Gut

by @ Probiotics Belaw

Sundown Naturals Inulin Fiber Prebiotic Mineral Supplement Capsules 90 Count $8.79 ($0.10 / count). Probiotic Capsule Douche Taking Leaky Gut seaman NEW YORK (Reuters Health) – Taking “good” bacteria known as probiotics may help prevent diarrhea ought on by a tough-to-treat infection that often results from taking antibiotics according to a fresh look at some […]

How To Make Whey and Yogurt Cream Cheese

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

MORE FOOD-BASED PROBIOTICS If you’ve seen my recipe for the Best Lacto-Fermented Mayonnaise Ever, but you don’t know how to obtain the fresh liquid whey (the probiotics contained in fresh liquid whey are used to lacto-ferment mayonnaise, grains, vegetables, etc.) then here are detailed instructions: When you extract the liquid whey from yoghurt, you automatically…

Synergistic Healing – Meditation, Prana, EFT

Synergistic Healing – Meditation, Prana, EFT

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

Annabel Fisher and I did a presentation together at the Canadian EFT Gathering a couple weeks ago – where I presented the theory behind combining more than one powerful healing tool together, for a synergistic effect that greatly maximizes the healing possible. Synergy is where 1+1 does not equal 2, it equals 5. So EFT…

Custom Probiotics - Probiotic Powder - Eleven Strains - 100g

Custom Probiotics - Probiotic Powder - Eleven Strains - 100g


Default Store View

Custom Probiotics Probiotic Powder Eleven Strains 100g

Canada’s Student Vaccination Swindle

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

If you live in Canada, you may have thought – like I did – that having a “Do not vaccinate my child” letter on file at your school was enough to ensure your child wasn’t vaccinated during routine school vaccinations. However, that is NOT the case. My daughter just brought home a Consent Form from…

The Perfect Place To Live

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

Vancouver I live in a place that is absolutely fantastic, except for one big problem: the weather. Here in Vancouver, Canada it is rainy, dark and depressing for about eight months of the year. For me, that is a long time without sun and no, I’m not one of those hardy Canadians who gets on…

Re-Populating the Gut with Probiotics After Antibiotic Usage

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

If you’re taking an antibiotic, you can either wait until the course of treatment is over before beginning probiotic supplementation, or, you can take probiotics during the course of antibiotic treatment. WHY should you take probiotics during or after antibiotic treatment? Because nature abhors a vacuum! This means that the risk of secondary or opportunistic…

GutPro® Infant Powder ~ 30 g.

GutPro® Infant Powder ~ 30 g.


Corganic

GutPro® Infant probiotics are formulated specifically for babies' developing gut ecology. Find out more on how to give your baby the best start here...

Best Probiotic Dietary Supplements - Best Natural Probiotics Supplement

Best Probiotic Dietary Supplements - Best Natural Probiotics Supplement


Global Suppleceutical Formulations

GSF Provide You The Best Natural Probiotics Supplement Products And Give You The Best Dietary Supplements Products At Affordable Price.

Recent Research on Prebiotics and Probiotics

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

Most manufacturers include prebiotics (often Fructooligosaccharide – FOS or galacto-oligosaccharides) in their probiotic supplements, claiming that the prebiotics increase the potency and effectiveness of the probiotic (good bacteria). However, as many people with IBD or IBS have experienced, ingesting prebiotics often just leads to more gas and bloating! Interestingly, this recent study on adding prebiotics…

Wild Oregano Oil Protocol and Probiotic Enema

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

A while back I posted about Jay “CrohnsBoy” Baluk’s success using my Probiotic Retention Enema. Well, since then, both Jay and I have had a LOT of requests from people who don’t want to get my comprehensive Listen To Your Gut program, they just want Jini’s Probiotic Retention Enema and Jini’s Wild Oregano Oil Protocol…

Post lyme disease treatment advice...diet, bpc 157 and or?

by @ ImmInst Active Topics

Hey everyone,

Thank you in advance for taking the time to read and respond to my post. I’m a 23 year old (otherwise healthy) male who was diagnosed with lyme disease about two months ago. After undergoing an intense supplement/herbal/energetical therapy cleanse and detox, my docotor confirmed that the lyme had left my body. However, I am still experiencing all of my original symptoms, including random shaking, a neck tremor, intense brain fog, a really infammed gut/liver/kidneys, etc. I’m struggling to determine my next course of action — has anyone reading his post dealt with lyme? — have you tried dietary changes to help heal your system? I’m also curious if bpc 157 would be a good option for me? I already eat a fairly well balanced diet that is exclusively organic/non gmo, as well as taking about 15 relevant supplents a day (including probiotics). I guess, in general, I’m seeking any lyme, dietary, or other advice that you might have for me.

Thanks for your time,

-Braden

Popular Probiotic May Cause Neurotoxicity

Popular Probiotic May Cause Neurotoxicity


Mommypotamus

  It’s Strange But True . . . Tipping at a restaurant in Iceland is considered an insult, camels have three eyelids, and what we thought we knew about L-acidophilus just might be all wrong. Okay, not ALL wrong, but what if certain probiotic strains sometimes can exacerbate chronic fatigue syndrome, autoimmune disorders and/or create brain …

Dairy Free Probiotics

Dairy Free Probiotics


Our Gluten Free Family

Probiotics are incredibly helpful for the immune system and for general health of both children and adults. We had incredible results from GI Flora probiotics from Allergy Research Group, which is still our favorite probiotic. Unfortunately, GI Flora contains traces of dairy so we had to switch to…

User Agreement

by @ LongeCity - Articles

Bylaw A. User Agreement (Posting Guidelines)



Bylaw A. User Agreement

Article 1
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Today in History – Tuesday – July 31 2012 1792 – The cornerstone of the U.S. Most children with constipation do not have an underlying medical problem (such as low thyroid or a bowel anatomic abnormality) however if a consumer lab probiotic report homeopathic child has persistent Untie the tea towel from the wooden spoon. […]

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Why doesn’t Absorb Plus have any iron in it?

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

Many of our customers use Absorb Plus to recover from intestinal bleeding. And iron can trigger or exacerbate intestinal bleeding. This is why it has been left out of the formula and people can then supplement as needed. Also, depending on the person’s size, they will consume anywhere from 3 to 10 shakes per day.…

Why Do Some Products Carry a Lead or Chemical Warning?

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

A customer wrote: I obtained a bottle of Quercetin by Nutricology because your site recommended this brand.  I was shocked to find a label affixed to the bottle proclaiming that it contained lead.  Do I need to be concerned about this and is there another brand that might be better? Nutricology (and perhaps other therapeutic…

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by Justin @ Listen To Your Gut

Absorb Plus contains the 9 amino acids automatically present in its whey protein isolate AND it also contains 10 more – that were specifically chosen for their health-giving properties – in an additional, completely customized, free-form amino acid blend. For example, Absorb Plus contains 1000 mg of just L-Glutamine per serving (the primary amino acid…

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by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

FOOD-BASED PROBIOTICS: Lacto-Fermented Mayonnaise I did a lot of experimenting to determine which oils provide the best-tasting mayonnaise, whilst providing excellent nutrition – I think this recipe is my fifth variation and I’m finally happy with it! My never-ending thanks to Nourishing Traditions cookbook for providing the lacto-fermentation method whereby the mayonnaise keeps for 3-4…

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Why do some turtles outlive humans?

by @ Articles

(⇒ write for LongeCity )


The oldest human recorded in modernity was Jeanne Louise Calment, she died in the age of 122 years and 164 days [1] .

There are rumors that the oldest tortoise called Adwaita (Aldabra giant tortoise) died in the age of about 250 years [2] or that it was 188-year-old radiated tortoise named Tui Malila [3] , or that the highest verified age of 177 years had Galapagos giant tortoise Harriet [4] . The oldest currently living turtle is considered to be Jonathan (Seychelles giant tortoise), estimated to be over 180 years old these days [5] . Although all aforementioned numbers are estimations, it seems these turtles were older than human supercentenarians.

All previously mentioned species are terrestrial tortoises, a group with longest lifespans among turtles. The most famous of them, well-researched Galapagos giant tortoise, was observed by Charles Darwin when he was forming his well-known theory of evolution by natural selection [6] . There is only one freshwater turtle known to be able to outlive human, it is the common snapping turtle estimated to live up to more than hundred years [7] . While being considerably less researched, recorded maximal lifespan of sea turtles is usually shorter, not exceeding 80 years, however, it is believed that the green sea turtle can live up to 100 years. [8]

It is a difficult question to answer why these reptiles can outlive us because even to determine the actual age of animals with a long lifespan is complicated – partially due to the fact that it takes such a long time to study. Furthermore, many turtles are endangered species [9] so there may not be as many organisms to hand as needed for proper statistics. Nonetheless, we can still claim that turtles are among the most long-living vertebrates on earth [10] . Why?

Firstly, turtles, like all reptiles, benefit from being ectothermic organisms. They do not maintain body temperature and thus save a lot of energy. But that also means they are less flexible: it is crucial for their lifespan to be in natural temperature environment of daily cycles with night-time temperature drop [11] . If they do not live under these conditions in captivity, metabolic pathways change and turtles die much sooner. [12]

Turtles are well-adapted in other ways: their famous shell – the carapace –is good protection against natural predators. Most of hatchling turtles with a soft shell do not survive the first year [13] . A research of natural populations of freshwater turtles showed that only one per cent of them can celebrate the twentieth birthdays, but once the adulthood is reached, mortality rate drops and remains constant throughout the rest of life [14] .

Some turtles can survive under extreme environmental conditions, such as freezing [15] or lack of oxygen for months [16] . They can even undergo hibernation and anaerobic metabolism and therefore deal with hypoxia and anoxia, it was also proposed that the same genes can play a role in longevity itself [17] and also in oxidative stress resistance [18] that further promotes longer life [19] .

Turtle’s bones and shell are used as lactate buffer lowering metabolic acidosis caused by anaerobic glycolysis during the period of lack of oxygen [20] ; [21] Their organism is protected by strong innate immunity compensating slow acquired immune reactions [22] .

Because turtles have very slow metabolism as well as growth, their bodies do not need to deal with excessive metabolic heat and byproducts as mammals [23] . Their natural diet is very simple but also necessary for their longevity. [24]

According to the evolutionary theories, staying alive is less important after menopause. Galapagos giant tortoises achieve sexual maturity late (around the age of up to forty years in the wild, and between twenty and twenty-five years of life in captivity [25] ), then staying fertile until death [26] .

The Hayflick limit is said to determine how many times a cell can divide [27] . The Hayflick limit of Galapagos giant tortoise was said to be about 110 divisions [28] , approximately twice as many as 50 of human cells [29] . Studies in this context have highlighted the importance of telomeres, the protective end sequences of chromosomes, that get shorter with each cell division [30] , can play at least a partially role in life expectancy. It was observed that telomeres in European freshwater turtle’s cells are of the same length in both embryo and adult organism [31] .

Thus, it was believed that turtles are negligibly senescent organisms [32] . In other words, the cells do not age and no age-related diseases appear, which is very different cell behavior than in human bodies [33] and probably the key to any natural longevity. However, evidence now suggests that turtles may not be really negligibly senescent because of observations of survival and reproductive senescence in late age in the painted turtle population [34]

As we can see, turtles have some advantages in the lifespan field. Some of these might inspire researchers to increase lifespans in humans.



References

[1] Oldest person ever. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/oldest-person
[2] BBC (2006, March 23). “Clive of India’s” tortoise dies. BBC South Asia. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4837988.stm
[3] Associated Press (2006, June 26). Tortoise believed to have been owned by Darwin Dies at 176. Fox News. Retrieved from http://www.foxnews.com/story/2006/06/26/tortoise-believed-to-have-been-owned-by-darwin-dies-at-176.html
[4] Galapagos tortoise (Geochelone nigra) longevity, ageing, and life history. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Geochelone_nigra
[5] Hollins, J. (2012). The world’s most isolated vet? Veterinary Record, 171(2), i–i. doi:10.1136/vr.g7292
[6] Powell, J., & Caccone, A. (2006). Giant tortoises. Current Biology, 16(5), R144–R145. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.02.050
[7] Cameron, M. (2008). COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Snapping Turtle Chelydra serpentina in Canada . Retrieved from http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2009/ec/CW69-14-565-2009E.pdf
[8] Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) longevity, ageing, and life history. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://genomics.senescence.info/species/entry.php?species=Chelonia_mydas
[9] Jacobson, E. R. (1994). Causes of Mortality and Diseases in Tortoises: A Review. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 25(1), 2–17.
[10] Gibbons, J. W. (1987). Why do turtles live so long? BioScience, 37(4), 262–269. doi:10.2307/1310589
[11] Flouris, A. D., & Piantoni, C. (2014). Links between thermoregulation and aging in endotherms and ectotherms. Temperature, 2(1), 73–85. doi:10.4161/23328940.2014.989793
[12] Vadala, N. How Long Do Turtles Live? Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://www.petmd.com/reptile/care/how-long-do-turtles-live
[13] Stewart, K. R., & Wyneken, J. (2004). Predation risk to loggerhead hatchlings at a high-density nesting beach in Southeast Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 74(2), 325–335.
[14] Gibbons, J. W., & Semlitsch, R. D. (1982). Survivorship and longevity of a long-lived vertebrate species: How long do turtles live? The Journal of Animal Ecology, 51(2), 523. doi:10.2307/3981
[15] Packard, G. C., & Packard, M. J. (2003). Natural freeze-tolerance in hatchling painted turtles? Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 134(2), 233–246. doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00264-7
[16] Milton, S. L., & Prentice, H. M. (2007). Beyond anoxia: The physiology of metabolic downregulation and recovery in the anoxia-tolerant turtle. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 147(2), 277–290. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.08.041
[17] Shaffer, H. B., Minx, P., Warren, D. E., Shedlock, A. M., Thomson, R. C., Valenzuela, N., … Wilson, R. K. (2013). The western painted turtle genome, a model for the evolution of extreme physiological adaptations in a slowly evolving lineage. Genome Biology, 14(3), R28.doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14-3-r28
[18] Garbarino, V. R., Orr, M. E., Rodriguez, K. A., & Buffenstein, R. (2015). Mechanisms of oxidative stress resistance in the brain: Lessons learned from hypoxia tolerant extremophilic vertebrates. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 576, 8–16. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2015.01.029
[19] von Zglinicki, T. (2002). Oxidative stress shortens telomeres. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 27(7), 339–344. doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(02)02110-2
[20] Jackson, D. C. (2000). Living without oxygen: Lessons from the freshwater turtle. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 125(3), 299–315. doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00160-4
[21] Krivoruchko & Storey, 2010).
[22] Sandmeier, F. C., Tracy, C. R., Dupre, S., & Hunter, K. (2012). A trade-off between natural and acquired antibody production in a reptile: Implications for long-term resistance to disease. Biology Open, 1(11), 1078–1082. doi:10.1242/bio.20122527
[23] Bilinski, T., Paszkiewicz, T., & Zadrag-Tecza, R. (2015). Energy excess is the main cause of accelerated aging of mammals. Oncotarget, 6(15), 12909–12919. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.4271
[24] Casares, M., Honegger, R. E., & Rubel, A. (1995). Management of giant tortoises Geochelone elephantopus and Geochelone gigantean at Zurich Zoological gardens. International Zoo Yearbook, 34(1), 135–143. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1995.tb00671.x
[25] Global, S. D. Z. (2010). Galapagos tortoise fact sheet. Retrieved January 31, 2017, from http://library.sandiegozoo.org/factsheets/galapagos_tortoise/tortoise.htm
[26] Curtin, A. J., Zug, G. R., & Spotila, J. R. (2009). Longevity and growth strategies of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in two American deserts. Journal of Arid Environments, 73(4-5), 463–471. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.11.011
[27] Hayflick, L. (1965). The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains. Experimental Cell Research, 37(3), 614–636. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(65)90211-9
[28] Goldstein, S. (1974). Aging in vitro. Experimental Cell Research, 83(2), 297–302. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(74)90342-5
[29] Hayflick, L., & Moorhead, P. S. (1961). The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. Experimental Cell Research, 25(3), 585–621. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(61)90192-6
[30] Harley, C. B., Futcher, A. B., & Greider, C. W. (1990). Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts. Nature, 345(6274), 458–460. doi:10.1038/345458a0
[31] Girondot, M., & Garcia, J. (1999). Senescence and longevity in turtles: What telomeres tell us. 9th extraordinary meeting of the societas Europaea Herpetologica, 1, 25–29. Retrieved from //www.researchgate.net/publication/252290006_Senescence_and_longevity_in_turtles_What_telomeres_tell_us
[32] Miller, J. K. (2001). Escaping senescence: Demographic data from the three-toed box turtle (Terrapene carolina triunguis). Experimental Gerontology, 36(4-6), 829–832. doi:10.1016/s0531-5565(00)00243-6
[33] Schächter, F., Cohen, D., & Kirkwood, T. (1993). Prospects for the genetics of human longevity. Human Genetics, 91(6), . doi:10.1007/bf00205074
[34] Warner, D. A., Miller, D. A. W., Bronikowski, A. M., & Janzen, F. J. (2016). Decades of field data reveal that turtles senesce in the wild. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(23), 6502–6507. doi:10.1073/pnas.1600035113

I Will Not Take Anymore Drugs to Treat Colitis!

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

We just received this fantastic review in our Shoppe: “Taking the Natren Healthy Start System Tripack probiotics couple with the Joy of the Mountain Wild Oil of Oregano, my bleeding stopped in less than a week. My severe pain was gone on my left side within two weeks. Within five weeks, I was completely regular…

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by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

For a probiotic to have reliable, therapeutic results, it must fulfill ALL of the six criteria listed to below to ensure safety, potency and bioavailability: 1. Manufactured in a cGMP Facility and stored in dark, glass bottles only Make sure the probiotic is manufactured in a facility that carries the cGMP (current Good Manufacturing Practices)…

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Rich Shewmaker <rich@ilhawaii.net> wrote or quoted: > I challenge anyone to probiotics for reptiles activity lactobacillus come up with a single report of a Answering The Question: How Does Sea Salt Cleanse The Colon? Hydrotherapy Colon Cleanse Is Far Superior A Method Than Enema. Do Probiotics Help With Mood Plants what makes matters even worse […]

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Can I take my probiotic powders in an Absorb Plus shake?

by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

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Kristina Amelong. Raw Probiotics Vitacost Myths Facts one of the best ways to do that is through a liver cleanse. When the body needs help Super Colon Cleanse is a powerful colon cleansing combination of herbs psyllium husk powder and milk-free acidophilus. This supplement is not as good as Colon Cleanse Total. Benefits of This […]

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by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

If you read through the probiotic selection criteria given in Chapter Two of Listen To Your Gut, you will see that VSL#3 doesn’t meet all the criteria for a fully bioavailable, therapeutic probiotic of maximum potency (these selection criteria were taken from microbiology research). But yet, this probiotic has shown great results in clinical trials.…

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by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

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We’ve just had a big, fresh snowfall here in Vancouver, Canada and the kids have been out sledding, making snowmen, and thoroughly enjoying themselves. Then this morning, my daughter Zara comes in with a big hunk of snow to snack on – which is exactly what I used to do as a child! However, she…

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by JINI @ Listen To Your Gut

A lot of websites make claims about the ability of bentonite (montmorillonite) and other clays to detox bad bacteria, viruses, parasites, etc. from the gut. For example, here is a statement I saw again and again, on literally dozens of sites: According to the Canadian Journal of Microbiology, bentonite can absorb pathogenic viruses, the mold…

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